Documentation Guide: Documents to Check Before Buying Property

Property documents tell the real story behind a listing. Before you book or register a plot, villa or apartment, make sure the documents are reviewed by a qualified property lawyer.

This guide highlights common documents buyers should understand.

Title deed

The title deed shows how the current owner obtained ownership of the property. It is one of the most important documents in a property transaction.

Your legal adviser should review the title chain to confirm that ownership has passed properly through previous transactions.

Encumbrance Certificate

An Encumbrance Certificate helps identify registered transactions or liabilities connected to the property during the relevant period. It is an important part of due diligence, but it should not be the only document you rely on.

Land tax receipt

The latest land tax receipt helps show that applicable land tax has been paid. Check that the property details match the title and survey records.

Possession certificate

A possession certificate is commonly used to show the name of the person recorded as being in possession of the property. It should be checked along with other ownership and revenue documents.

Survey sketch and location sketch

These documents help confirm the plot’s survey number, boundaries, extent and location. Compare them carefully with the physical site.

Land classification and permissions

Verify the land classification and whether any conversion, development or building permissions are required. This is particularly important when planning construction.

Access-road documents

A property needs clear and legal access. If access depends on a shared or private road, verify the right of way and supporting documents.

Building approvals

For villas, apartments or completed buildings, check approved plans, permits, completion documents and occupancy-related records as applicable.

RERA details

For projects covered by RERA, check the project registration, promoter details, approvals and disclosures on the relevant RERA portal.

Seller verification

Confirm the seller’s identity and authority to sell. If the sale is made through a power of attorney, company, trust, heir or representative, seek legal advice on the supporting authority documents.

Important note

This guide is for general information only. Every property has a different history and documentation requirement. Always obtain independent legal advice before paying money, signing an agreement or registering a property

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